EVALUATION OF CLINICAL PARAMETERS AS EARLY DIAGNOSTIC MEASURES FOR POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS RESULTING FROM HYPOTHYROIDISM DERIVED FROM DIABETES
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Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes complications, Hypothyroidism, Lipid profile, Liver function, Renal function
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has an interconnected physiological association with thyroid dysfunction (TD), leading to a higher prevalence of TD in T2DM patients than non-diabetic individuals. Abnormal thyroid hormones are associated with the onset of diabetes complications. This study aimed to investigate the implication of thyroid hormones, hyperglycemia, liver enzymes, renal function test, and lipid profile as predictive and diagnostic biomarkers of diabetes complications in this population. This case-control study was conducted in Zakho, Iraq. It recruited 108 participants (54 cases and 54 controls). Data were obtained through a questionnaire, and blood specimens were collected from study participants for clinical tests. Patients with diabetes induced hypothyroidism were older and mostly females 49 (90.74%), compared with controls. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucose, body mass index (BMI), thyroid hormones except free thyroxine (FT4), cholesterol, urea, and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and some hematological parameters showed significant differences (p < 0.05). HbA1c showed significant positive correlation with duration of DM, glucose, age, BMI, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and urea and inversely correlated with free triiodothyronine (FT3) and FT3/FT4 ratio. Also, urea and ALT are indicated as potential predictors of the onset of diabetes complications in diabetic hypothyroid patients. The results concluded that hypothyroidism in T2DM can cause uncontrolled hyperglycemia, unstable thyroid hormone levels, and the progression and onset of diabetes complications. It further supported the strong correlation between hyperglycemia and thyroid hormones. Further studies are required to ascertain the precise mechanism by which high blood TSH and uncontrolled hyperglycemia cause renal impairment, liver damage, and cardiovascular disease, as well as the prevalence of microvascular complications among diabetic individuals with hypothyroidism.
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